{"id":1157,"date":"2024-05-26T11:25:05","date_gmt":"2024-05-26T08:25:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/?page_id=1157"},"modified":"2024-10-23T18:49:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T15:49:39","slug":"chromatin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/chromatin\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1157\" class=\"elementor elementor-1157\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35400f9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"35400f9a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60193c8c elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"60193c8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d<\/h1><div class=\"ekit_heading_separetor_wraper ekit_heading_elementskit-border-divider elementskit-style-long\"><div class=\"elementskit-border-divider elementskit-style-long\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec1820e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ec1820e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe2c8b9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe2c8b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043a. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-282ae69 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"282ae69\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f564b09 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"f564b09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/h1><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bfbed74 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2bfbed74\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24be8980 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"24be8980\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ec96662 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"6ec96662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11172678\"><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Structure of an Intranucleosomal DNA Loop That Senses DNA Damage during Transcription <\/h3><\/a><h6 class=\"ekit-heading--subtitle elementskit-section-subtitle  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNadezhda S. Gerasimova, Olesya I. Volokh, Nikolay A. Pestov, Grigory A. Armeev, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, Alexey K. Shaytan, Olga S. Sokolova and Vasily M. Studitsky\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dce062f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2dce062f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18bf69cf elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18bf69cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Transcription through chromatin by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is accompanied by the formation of small intranucleosomal DNA loops containing the enzyme (i-loops) that are involved in survival of core histones on the DNA and arrest of Pol II during the transcription of damaged DNA. However, the structures of i-loops have not been determined. Here, the structures of the intermediates formed during transcription through a nucleosome containing intact or damaged DNA were studied using biochemical approaches and electron microscopy. After RNA polymerase reaches position +24 from the nucleosomal boundary, the enzyme can backtrack to position +20, where DNA behind the enzyme recoils on the surface of the histone octamer, forming an i-loop that locks Pol II in the arrested state. Since the i-loop is formed more efficiently in the presence of SSBs positioned behind the transcribing enzyme, the loop could play a role in the transcription-coupled repair of DNA damage hidden in the chromatin structure. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11172678\">DOI<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-504c42a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"504c42a4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31cb7b6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"31cb7b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"774\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-1024x774.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2985\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-768x581.png 768w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-1536x1161.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-2048x1549.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/chroma-1320x998.png 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db9b7ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db9b7ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a97ccc4 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"a97ccc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2022.1048117%20\"><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Mechanism of curaxin-dependent nucleosome unfolding by FACT<\/h3><\/a><h6 class=\"ekit-heading--subtitle elementskit-section-subtitle  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Olesya I. Volokh, Anastasia L. Sivkina, Andrey V. Moiseenko, Anna V. Popinako, Maria G. Karlova, Maria E. Valieva, Elena Y. Kotova, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, Timothy Formosa, Vasily M. Studitsky, Olga S. Sokolova\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50ff0b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50ff0b7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c689b0e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c689b0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Human FACT (FACT) is a multifunctional histone chaperone involved in transcription, replication and DNA repair. Curaxins are anticancer compounds that induce FACT-dependent nucleosome unfolding and trapping of FACT in the chromatin of cancer cells (c-trapping) through an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we analyzed the effects of curaxin CBL0137 on nucleosome unfolding by FACT using spFRET and electron microscopy. By itself, FACT adopted multiple conformations, including a novel, compact, four-domain state in which the previously unresolved NTD of the SPT16 subunit of FACT was localized, apparently stabilizing a compact configuration. Multiple, primarily open conformations of FACT-nucleosome complexes were observed during curaxin-supported nucleosome unfolding. The obtained models of intermediates suggest \u201cdecision points\u201d in the unfolding\/folding pathway where FACT can either promote disassembly or assembly of nucleosomes, with the outcome possibly being influenced by additional factors. The data suggest novel mechanisms of nucleosome unfolding by FACT and c-trapping by curaxins. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2022.1048117\">DOI<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3350ba9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3350ba9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1786fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f1786fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"699\" height=\"618\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/fmolb-09-1048117-g007.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3039\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/fmolb-09-1048117-g007.jpg 699w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/fmolb-09-1048117-g007-300x265.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/fmolb-09-1048117-g007-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5870cbd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5870cbd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4803ed8 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"4803ed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1508371112\"><h3 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Structural analysis of nucleosomal barrier to transcription<\/h3><\/a><h6 class=\"ekit-heading--subtitle elementskit-section-subtitle  \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDaria A. Gaykalova, Olga I. Kulaeva, Olesya Volokh, Alexey K. Shaytan, Fu-Kai Hsieha, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, Olga S. Sokolova and Vasily M. Studitsky\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-958f14f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"958f14f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1028728 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1028728\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thousands of human and <i>Drosophila<\/i> genes are regulated at the level of transcript elongation and nucleosomes are likely targets for this regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms of formation of the nucleosomal barrier to transcribing RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and nucleosome survival during\/after transcription remain unknown. Here we show that both DNA\u2013histone interactions and Pol II backtracking contribute to formation of the barrier and that nucleosome survival during transcription likely occurs through allosterically stabilized histone\u2013histone interactions. Structural analysis indicates that after Pol II encounters the barrier, the enzyme backtracks and nucleosomal DNA recoils on the octamer, locking Pol II in the arrested state. DNA is displaced from one of the H2A\/H2B dimers that remains associated with the octamer. The data reveal the importance of intranucleosomal DNA\u2013protein and protein\u2013protein interactions during conformational changes in the nucleosome structure on transcription. Mechanisms of nucleosomal barrier formation and nucleosome survival during transcription are proposed. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1508371112\">DOI<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff5ab7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff5ab7d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab6c079 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ab6c079\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/pnas.1508371112sfig05-827x1024.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3043\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/pnas.1508371112sfig05-827x1024.jpeg 827w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/pnas.1508371112sfig05-242x300.jpeg 242w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/pnas.1508371112sfig05-768x951.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/pnas.1508371112sfig05-10x12.jpeg 10w, https:\/\/www.bioeng.ru\/structbiotech\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/10\/pnas.1508371112sfig05.jpeg 1034w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b60b385 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4b60b385\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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